Life Hacks: Case Study

Analysis

What do the titles The Surgery and Life Hacks suggest?

• The titles 'The Surgery' and 'Life Hacks'  suggest that this is an advice radio show, or perhaps handles controversial or 'heavy' topics regarding life and lifestyles.

How are the programmes constructed to appeal to a youth audience?

• The 'Life Hacks' programme includes key topics that are prevalent in today's zeitgeist, by discussing topics such as money, sexuality and gender as well as being available on demand, which appeals to the dynamic digital age we live in and the growing expectations of a youth audience to have content such as discussions on gender etc. at their disposal. 

What does the choice of presenters (Cel Spellman and Katie Thistleton) and Dr Modgil suggest about the BBC’s approach to diversity and representation?

• The choice of presenters suggests this show is diverse and offers a range of representations, through a female doctor, which is a sign of the changing times, to regional representations as you can hear through their accents. 

What does this suggest regarding the Life Hacks audience and what the BBC is hoping to achieve with the programme?

• This suggests that the Life Hacks audience has a far more liberal mindset and is attracted to contemporary content from radio shows, this could link to BBC's remit to provide content that suits a range of audiences whilst also informing and educating listeners. 

Listen to a few episodes of the podcast and explain how the topics may a) appeal to a youth audience and b) help fulfil the BBC's responsibilities as a public service broadcaster. 

• I listened to the 'Choosing a Career', 'Knife Crime' and 'A Gay Kid's guide to life' podcasts and I believe they appeal to a youth audience since within the ten minute slots, in which these topics are discussed [Exc. A Gay Kid's Guide, that was around half an hour] they deal with a diverse range of topics, that are extremely prevalent within a young person's life particularly in England. Young people today are handling University prospects, as well as the sheer density of knife crime upon many of their doorsteps- although 10 minutes is not long enough to discuss the sheer complexity of a topic, it is manageable for a bus ride to school or during a free period without too much commitment, this appeals to a youth audience - in particular those who prefer to listen to something whilst commuting. All 3 podcasts help fulfill the BBC's responsibilities as a public service broadcaster since they all offer an education on important topics, without bias, as well as also being easy to listen to and entertaining through the use of linguistics.

Audience

What is the target audience for BBC Radio 1?

• 15-29 year olds.

Who is the actual audience for BBC Radio 1?

• The average listener is 30, which falls outside the intended listener age range.

What audience pleasures are offered by Life Hacks? Apply Blumler and Katz’s Uses and Gratifications theory.

• Surveillance, Life Hacks offers educational talks and advice on contemporary topics, Personal Relationships through celebrity interviews and radio djs as well as Personal identity through national accents and regional interviews within the broadcast.

What points does the reviewer make about Life Hacks and the particular podcast episode they listened to?

• The reviewer mentions that the content is both 'interesting' and informative - he speaks about how the interviews with Stormzy regarding the Cambridge scholarships, and Chelsea Kwakye [a Cambridge graduate] on how race comes into play at institutions such as Cambridge, where the realities of the disparity are hardly known by the young people that are perhaps considering going to university etc. The reviewer suggests that this podcast seeks to educate the audience and help them 'make sense' of the reality that although many deem as obvious, is simply not as explicit as we may perceive. 

What are the key statistics to take from this article regarding the decline in Radio 1 audience ratings?

• Radio 1 have suffered a 200,000 listener drop [AUG '18] and it has seen a steady decline since 2011. Breakfast Host Nick Grimshaw, sees an increase of around 300,000 listeners [AUG'18] and reaches 16 million Youtube viewers a week - with the station being the first choice for listeners aged 15-24.

Industries

How does Life Hacks meet the BBC mission statement to Educate, Inform and Entertain? 

• Life Hacks is a podcast that talks about all topics 'controversial' and offers information through discussions on 'controversial' topics, they also include discourse with Dr Modgil, who helps fit the Educate part of the remit, there's also a high density of music available which helps fulfill the 'entertain' aspect of the remit. 

Pick out three key points in the summary section.

• The BBC provides content online, through the television and the radio.
• The BBC is regulated by OFCOM
• OFCOM is responsible for taking audience's opinions into account and creating the guidelines for the BBC to fulfill - this is what lead to the changes made in 2017/18 regarding Radio 1

Which of these points relate to BBC Radio 1 and Life Hacks?

• The points d, g and h, OFCOM's guidelines and enforcement lead to BBC making changes regarding the radio schedules and ultimately cancelled the Surgery and changed the scheduled times for Life Hacks to be pre-watershed, they also introduced BBC Sounds, which helped appeal to a younger audience and provide content that arguable helped fulfill their remit. They also have Vox Pops and a range of regional accents which help fulfill the final point, whilst also providing a platform for voices that may not have mainstreamed opportunity through BBC Sounds.

What do you think are the three most important aspects in the a-h list? Why?

• Personally, I believe that points d [support social actions on BBC Radio], a [increase requirements around news content] and e [safeguard vulnerable genres] are the most important aspects. Social actions, in particular, is one of the most important aspects, it is a listeners prerogative to engage in social activism, however I believe that the media has a responsibility to provide as much education and information regarding our changing social climate as possible to allow listeners to make educated decisions and involve themselves with much needed changes within the dynamics of our society. Point A regarding news programming is also substantial for similar reasons as above however with a clear focus on widening audiences and reaching a diverse quota of listeners, something Life Hacks has the potential to do. Finally, the safeguarding of vulnerable genres, this links to the media argument of Art vs Commerce quite closely, therefore the importance of this is free for negotiation however I believe that inclusivity within the media will also have major cultural significance, therefore it is the BBC's prerogative to provide a diverse range of genres through their company. 

What do Ofcom plan to review in terms of diversity and audience? 

• Ofcom plans to review the on-screen diversity of BBC programming, including 'peak time' programmes and ask what audiences expect from the BBC and whether the BBC are successful in fulfilling this approach.

What is Ben Cooper trying to do with Radio 1?

• He wants Radio 1 to be the 'Netflix of Music Radio' and wants to integrate 'phone-first' content with regular traditional radio shows. 

How does he argue that Radio 1 is doing better with younger audiences than the statistics suggest?

• Although the traditional radio listener average has gone down, the companies Youtube platform still brings around significant viewing figures, which supports the idea that Radio 1 is doing better with younger audiences despite what statistics show.

Why does he suggest Radio 1 is distinctive from commercial radio?

• Radio 1 plays around 4000 different tracks a month compared to commercial radios 400. They play 'hit music' to 'expose' their audiences to newer tunes and tracks.

Why is Radio 1 increasingly focusing on YouTube views and digital platforms?

• As the digital age changes the dynamics of traditional media, establishing a stable social media and digital platform is vital for sustainability within the industry, in particular when appealing to a younger audience, who have grown up with the digital age and became accustomed to digital culture.

In your opinion, should the BBC’s remit include targeting young audiences via Radio 1 or should this content be left to commercial broadcasters? Explain your answer.

• I think that the BBC's remit should be enforced by Radio 1, commercial broadcasters offer content however are mainly motivated by profitability and commercial potential of content, this could impact the education and diversity of content provided to young people, whilst the profitability of Radio 1 is up for debate, running a Radio broadcaster that has to align with certain values and fulfill a remit, allows regulation of content and ensures the provision of quality, informative and entertaining content to a diverse youth audience, as it grows and adapts to the contemporary norm as they do. 

Radio: Introduction

BBC SOUNDS

Why does the article suggest that ‘on the face of it, BBC Radio is in rude health’?

• It has 1/2 the national market with dozens of stations reaching 34+ million people a week

What percentage of under-35s use the BBC iPlayer catch-up radio app?

• 3%

What is BBC Sounds?

• a new app that merges radio and the digital age, offering on demand services and targeted radio shows. 

How do audiences listen to radio content in the digital age?

• Through podcasts, and radio shows that deal with their interests rather than the miscellaneous content on mainstream radio shows.

What does Jason Phipps suggest is important for radio and podcast content aimed at younger audiences?

• It has to have a warmer, narrative-led journey. The audience prefers personal anecdotal content, that pushes boundaries and confronts 'uncomfortable' topics rather than informative, scientific less personal stories from a general perspective.

Why does the BBC need to stay relevant?

• In order to fulfill it's remit of providing informative, educational and entertaining content for diverse audiences around the UK. 

What content does the BBC Sounds app offer?

• Podcasts, on-demand content and content that deals with unconventional or seldom talked about topics.

How does it link to BBC Radio?

• It offers live shows and content on demand.

What are the criticisms of the BBC Sounds app?

• The search bar isn't 'sensitive' enough and there's not enough options

Two new podcasts were launched alongside the BBC Sounds app. What are they and why might they appeal to younger audiences?

• End of Days, and Beyond Today. They offer information on key events and also niche events that crime enthusiasts would be interested in, younger generations are increasingly interested in true crime stories and with shows such as Buzzfeed Unsolved becoming hits due to educating teens on crimes and events that are before their lifetime, these fit right into the zeitgeist and therefore may appeal to the younger audiences. 

ShoutOut Network

What is the ShoutOut Network?

• A London-based podcast network, that offers a platform to BAME and underrepresented voices. 

What podcasts are offered by the ShoutOut Network?

• Melanin Millenials [that focuses in socio-political issues for millenials], Mostly Lit [a focus on pop culture and literature], and other art based topics such as comedians Two Fools Talking, music aficionados Artistic State of Mind and sport based podcast Top 4mation. 

What audience do they reach?

• 20,000 unique monthly listeners; 92% are Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities.

What are the 2015 statistics on podcast listening in the UK?

• 3.7 million adults listen to podcasts [6.5% of the Adult population] with 57% listening on smartphones with 47% whilst commuting and 34% whilst 'doing nothing' 

The article suggests podcasts are ‘picking up more steam’. Do you think podcasts the future of radio?

• I think that podcasts are the future of radio, we as a generation have grown accustomed to personalised content and content that is available at the click of a button. We prefer to find radio shows and content that is topic specific, and specific to our personal interests without added 'fluff' per say. Due to this, and the rise in technological advancements that leads to radios being 'pushed out' of cars and conventional places in exchange for aux chords and podcasts. This evidences the idea that younger audience finds on demand, personalised content more appealing due to it's accessibility and topic specific content that people can choose what they want to hear and when they want to hear it- something traditional radio falls short of. 

Music Video Index

Music Video - introduction and factsheet questions
Music Video theory and This Is America analysis
Common - Letter to the Free context and analysis
Michael Jackson - Billie Jean context, analysis and MM article

Billie Jean - Michael Jackson

Media Magazine

What was the budget for Billie Jean? How did this compare with later Michael Jackson videos?

• $50,000 - Later it was $300,000 and then Thriller had a budget of $2 million.

Why was the video rejected by MTV?

• They argued that it didn't suit their 'middle America' target audience

Applying Goodwin's theory of music video, how does Billie Jean reflect the genre characteristics of pop music video?

• The music contains performance from the artist, lip syncing as well as narrative aspects conventional to the mmusic video genre.

How do the visuals reflect the lyrics in Billie Jean?

• This song is about Michael's sons and his experiences with fan girls and the lyrics have an obvious feminine connotation, reflected by the female visuals within the music video

Why does the video feature fewer close-up shots than in most pop videos?

• Michael Jackson's main selling point is his dancing, therefore the video favours less close up shots to make the performance a focal point of the video.

What intertextual references can be found in the video?

• Intertextual references to pop culture and the film noir film genre, as well as spy films and musicals such as Singin' in the rain. 

How does the video use the notion of looking as a recurring motif?

• The notion of looking acts as a perspective of surveillance on Michael, with a 'detective' characterisation. This could represent how he acts as a performer, and how he was constantly viewed through an outsider perspective all his life. 

What representations can be found in the video?

• Michael Jackson represents a 'godlike' angelic character, with his association with lights and positive impacts on the people he interacts with lives, such as the homeless man he throws a penny in the cup of. 

Close-textual analysis of the music video

How is mise-en-scene used to create intertextuality - reference to other media products or genres? E.g. colour/black and white; light/lighting.

• The Black/White colour palette links to the spy/film noir genre, with MJ's costume and the detective perspective that the video is set to, also alludes to the spy/crime genre. The lighting on the floor is an intertextual reference to 1970s disco and perhaps the film 'Saturday Night Fever', The bricolage of the polaroid photos is also an intertextual referencer to pop culture at the time of the music videos release.

How does the video use narrative theory of equilibrium?

• There's a villain on the loose, the villain gets caught and then peace is restored. 

How are characters used to create narrative through binary opposition?

• Binary opposition is used to create the classic hero vs villain narrative structure. The colour palette and sharp contrasts help make this binary opposition abundantly clear. 

What is the significance of the freeze-frames and split-screen visual effects?

• They slow down the pace of the editing and allow it to match the song's pace. It also modernises the music video and gives it a contemporary feel, apt to the 80s era.

What meanings could the recurring motif of 'pictures-within-pictures' create for the audience?

• It creates the idea that there is a separate reality created by media texts, and that the narratives we see in pictures can be manipulated from the 'truth' creating a post modern interpretation to the music video.

Does the video reinforce or subvert theories of race and ethnicity - such as Gilroy's diaspora or Hall's black characterisations in American media?

• The music video reinforces theories of race and ethnicity, with him being 'under a watchful eye' something Black people experience even today, and could allude to Gilroy's theory of diaspora and how Black people feel like they 'don't belong' or are alienated from a mainstream society. MJ also fits the archetype of the 'Entertainer' of Hall's characterisations, since his dancing and overall performance is in fact for a spectator which fits this theory. However, the 'positive' depiction of Jackson and his beneficial impact on people's lives arguably subverts race stereotypes in 1980s America. 

Does this video reflect Steve Neale's genre theory of 'repetition and difference'? Does it reflect other music videos or does it innovate?

• This video set the conventions for music videos, and uses a mixture of post modern aspects and was innovative for the time, however it set the tune for future music videos and repeated ideas.

Analyse the video using postmodern theory (e.g. Baudrillard's hyper-reality; Strinati's five definitions of postmodernism). How does the 'picture-in-picture' recurring motif create a postmodern reading?

• The 'picture in a picture' is an example of Bricolage, which links to Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality, we as the audience lose consciousness of what is real and what is an aspect of the narrative. It also could allude to the fact that the audience may view the realities constructed by the media as reality and further supports Baudrillard's theory. MJ also fails to appear in the detective's photos, which could be a political comment on how the character of 'Michael Jackson' that the media knew and the performer he was is how he was viewed but essentially wasn't real or the 'true him' merely a figment of the media's imagination. 

Common - Letter to the free

Social / Cultural Contexts

What other projects has Common been involved in over recent years?

• He soundtracked the movie 'Selma' [2014], with the song 'Glory' featuring John Legend. He also starred in the recent film 'The Hate U Give'.

What is the 13th Amendment of the American Constitution?

• The 13th Amendment, allows unpaid labour to be utilised if the person is incarcerated therefore it created loopholes for slavery to still occur through the mass imprisonment of Black people in the US

What were the Black Codes?

• They were the rules/laws introduced at state level provided for forced labour for petty crimes that targeted newly emancipated slaves. 

Why do people suggest that the legacy of slavery is still a crucial aspect to American culture 150 years after it was abolished by the 13th Amendment?

• The isolation of Black people in American society is still abundant even in 2019. Mass incarceration, Police brutality and racially motivated murders did not stop the day that Slavery did and a lot of culturally important aspects of society is formed from Slavery. The 13th Amendment allowed the criminalisation of Black people in the societal point of view and fueled this stereotype for years after Slavery was abolished, this is perhaps why people suggest that slavery is still a crucial aspect to American culture.

Why was Ava DuVernay inspired to make the Netflix documentary 13th?

• To bring awareness to the 13th Amendment and it's impacts and consequences on the people effected by it

What was the most significant time period for the rise in political hip hop?

• 1980s

Common talks about other current artists that have a political or protest element to their music. Who are they? Are there any other hip hop artists that you are aware of that have a strong political element to their work?

• Chance the Rapper, Kendrick Lamar, Donald Glover, Logic, 

What album is Letter to the Free taken from? What was the critical reception for this album? 

•  Black America Again. It was critically acclaimed and reached an average of 4 and a half star ratings from most critics. 

Close Textual analysis and Representation

How does the Letter to the Free music video use cinematography to create meanings for the audience? 

• Handheld shot - places audience there, and allows the audience to adopt a spectator perspective apt to a documentary genre
• Constant but slow camera movement - shows slow but progressive ideologies of time?
• Absence of close ups - ambiguity - lack of personal narrative and suggests that this is a widespread issue and not just isolated to a handful of Black people
• Lack of identity - spreads the political message
• The long shots show a subversion to Hall's theory- perhaps a polysenic message and a stand against the stereotypes implemented into society
• Genuine representations - not constructed by a white male perspective - arguably a 'true' representation which could have positive and negative connotations depending on the socio political stance of the audiences.

What is the significance of the constantly moving camera?

• The constantly moving camera could be a symbol of the progression towards freedom, but also amplifies the isolation present in the prison and consequently for Black people in America.

Why is the video in black and white?

• The absence of colour, gives the music video a serious atmosphere. But also makes the contrast of black/white in the video extremely prominent. 

How is mise-en-scene used to construct meaning for the audience - prison setting, costume, props, lighting, actor placement?

• The seperation of the actors - symbolises isolation of Black people
• Unbranded clothing - lack of monetary gain/motivation for the project, the message and ethos is the most significant aspect of this video
• The shaded lighting, leaves ambiguity of the artists identities in the prison cells perhaps alluding to the thousands of Black prisoners who were incarcerated. 
• The Piano - this video feels like a performance video despite the melancholic narrative which could construct a reclamation of identity and power for the musicians for the audience.

What are the key lyrics that suggest the political message of the song?

• 'Institution ain't just a building, But a method, of having Black and Brown bodies fill them'
• 'They stop, search and arrest our souls'
• 'Black bodies being lost in the American dream'
• 'Shot me with your ray-gun And now you want to trump me'

What is the significance of the floating black square motif? 

• Common says it 'represents the infinite thing about Blackness and Blackness can't be defined in time or space'. I interpreted it as a reference to diasporic Black identities in society due to the misrepresentations of society and static perceptions leaving a lack of true definition in our society. Black people have become less defined by individual identity but rather time, actions and institutions, which is something that calls for a change in contemporary society but we have not began the correct discourse regarding it.

How does the video reference racism, slavery and the oppression of black culture? Make reference to specific shots, scenes or moments in the video.

• The words 'No excessive noise' on a white wall, perhaps alluding to the 'Loud' stereotype or the silencing of Black voices by the white majority. The fact these white walls enclose the Black performers could also link to the fact White people are the majority of the people partaking in this oppression of Black culture. The ending shot of the black square in a field, could link to freedom but also be interpreted as showing how blackness will always be connected to slavery and that it's in the very roots of what society has come to view as stereotypes/denotations and how we have yet to progress from this.

How can Gilroy's idea of black diasporic identity be applied to Common's Letter to the Free?

• The ambiguity of the performers due to the lack of close up shots, and the black floating square are both aspects of the video that we can apply Gilroy's theory to. In relation to the diasporic identity theory, the black square is an undefined symbol of blackness, that quite literally has no roots, or 'place' until the very ending. In relation to Gilroy's theory, the lack of close ups also links back to the idea that identity, even today, is hard to define in America. The lyrics also support this.

What other theories of race and ethnicity can be applied to this video? E.g. Hall, Rose or Dyson.

• Hall's theory of Black archetypes cannot be applied to this video, the performers in this video do not fit the stereotypes however it does support the theory since they are entertainers and from the bare bones, singing for entertainment value as well as to spread the ethos. It also supports Rose's theory of the utilisation of hip hop music to articulate Black experience and challenge hegemonic caucasian ideologies and perspectives in society, without conforming to the commercialised composition of contemporary hip hop.

What current events in America and worldwide are referenced in the song and video?

• Trumps Inauguration, Police brutality, mass incarceration of Black people.  

BFI Study Day: Follow up notes

Notes made from the session:

- 'Liberal Feminism' - Focusing on individual women's personal and political autonomy
- The media is male dominated - it reinforces the patriarchy even the representations of women are constructed and formulated by men in power
- key conventions can be manipulated to create alternative meanings
- the idea of the 'fragmented self' and how there is no 'real' you as you are the result of external influence, societal structures and cultural experience.
-'Nothing is original' - representations in the media are as 'real' as actual experiences and this results in the absence of an 'objective reality'
- There is no essential 'truth' but rather a multitude of truths that are all equally valid.
- The 'truth' is a narrative that is essentially a belief that helps us temporarily make sense of things or a situation
- History is progressive, Knowledge and insight liberate us, and Knowledge is a secret unity.
- Mediated experiences - intense and resonate with audiences for repeated viewing
- Readerly/Writerly texts- [R] has a fixed meaning and requires passive reception whereas [W] requires the audience to contribute to their experience to fully enjoy the text

Summary of theories:

bell hooks: Race, sexuality, gender, ethnicity and social class combine into a lack of power in the media, women are objectified and we live in a flawed patriarchal society.

Liesbet van zoonen: Sex role stereotypes; our society prescribes sex appropriate behaviours and appearances, as well as interests and reinforces gender assumptions.

Judith Butler: Gender is a performance, that is repeated until it becomes 'reality'.

Saussure: Denotation/Connotation- Connotations are naturalised, but polysemic.

Barthes: Denotation is a dominant connotation; 'myths'

Stuart Hall:  Encoding is the preferred reading, Decoding is how the audience reads the meaning.

Lyotard: We are a character in our own lives and that totalising cultural narratives that organise our thoughts and values into a 'grand story' that we can make sense of.

Baudrillard: Imitation that seems more real than the thing it is imitating.


300 word theory analysis of Inception [2010, Dir. Christopher Nolan]

Inception reinforces the ideas suggested by Baudrillard heavily throughout the movie, The scene where Ellen Page's Character is unaware that they're dreaming references the idea of simulacra, that the imitation of something can sometimes seem more real than the thing that they're imitating. However, this is subverted as we, as an audience, are constantly reminded of how they're dreaming through 'wake up' scenes and the existence of the spinning top. The entire movie is extremely hyperrealistic, with characters such as Mal, being a blurring of a real person and a projection of Cobb's imagination. Inception also reiterates the ideas presented in bell hooks theory of a flawed patriarchal society, that the expectations and stereotypes implemented in our society are harmful to both men and women. The expectations of Cobb lead to him taking more risks in order to 'prove himself' and become a good father, an oxymoronic experience throughout the film, and these choices are made motivated by a conformity to what society and the fictitious society believe what makes a 'good' man/father. You can see this create an act of turmoil for the character which reinforces the flawed aspect of these patriarchal standards. In relation to Hall's theories, I think that Nolan's intentions were to have the audience make their own decisions regarding the characters and 'realities', by creating characters that are morally ambiguous but still have relatable intentions and motivations for the intended audiences. The preferred readings of this film are unclear however it is clear that Nolan expects us to sympathise with Cobb, despite his arguably immoral actions, and the oppositional reading would be to take a dislike to Cobb and condemn his actions. The idea of 'unreliable reality' is also important as it reinforces many post-modern theories but also acts as a subversion for the simplistic theories such as the denotation/connotation theories as the 'denotations' are not what they seem as well as the connotations having to be negotiated depending on what part of the film you're watching and it fluctuates to a state where simply understanding the meanings of what seems 'obvious' becomes far more complex.

TV Assessment: Learner's response

Type up your feedback in full

• WWW: Wow... some of your points in Q3 are just exceptional and worthy of A*. Outstanding application of knowledge and theory with detailed reference to the CSP. A Joy to read!
• EBI: Q1 is a reasonably slow start by your standards ... have a look at the mark scheme to see additional ideas/points
• EBI: In Q3, you are top level but for full marks you could have explored the capitalist ideology & left wing propaganda idea further.

Identify one potential point you missed in each question

• Q1: Intertextual references between Kill Bill [+ other Tarantino films] and the characters
• Q2: Chicken gained critical acclaim and had a national premiere on Film 4. 
• Q3: The historical significance of Deutschland '83

Three definitions:

• Bricolage: the juxtaposing of old and new texts, images, ideas and narratives to create new meanings
• Pastiche: imitation of a style of another text, artist or time period but without ridicule
• Intertextuality: a reference to another media text, style or convention

Write down two points you didn't include in Question 2, regarding Chicken [2015] promotion and distribution

• The fact that Joe Stephenson created his own distribution company, and used this to distribute Chicken. I also failed to mention the fact it had it's National Premiere on Film4 a channel with a niche audience. 

Essay Plan for 25 mark question

•  Introduction: the representations in Deutschland 83 and Capital are different despite the same production time - Capital is a state of the nation drama, has to be realistic to the time but D83 is based off the 80s therefore the their representations should be apt for that era and not 2015 however it's place as a postmodern text does closely reflect beliefs of the production time.
• Paragraph 1: Representations on women: Capital and Deutschland 83 both have 'old fashioned' depictions of women: Characters of Arabella, Quentina [subversion] and Martin's girlfriend and mum in D83
• Paragraph 2: Politics - D83 = Pro- capitalist subtext, glamorisation of the west and although subversive to the time period it's set in conforms to today's hegemonic political ideologies. Same with Capital through the 'work hard for your money' idea and celebrating your wealth.
• Conclusion: Summarise Points = I believe to some extent ... however these representations [politics and gender] suggest ...