The Costume in both settings contradict each other - The casual attire in the east contrasts the west with many of the women in cocktail dresses etc. this creates an image in the audiences brain of a more mature image/higher expectations in the West.
The Music also adheres to the above comments about class - the East listened to mainstream pop music whereas the West has a live performance, this suggests an aspect of maturity but also highlights the privileges of the West
The Setting in the west is extremely Americanised whereas the East has an extremely conventional German setting as seen in many mainstream German films/tv shows, this shows how the West conforms to more of the American stereotypes than the East does
The Handheld Steadicam makes the setting of the East seem more gritty and urban compared to the opening shot of the Garden party scene where he is adding fuel to the fire, with ominous non-diagetic music that plays in the foreground putting Martin in a vulnerable position.
Representations:
There is a hierarchal aspect to the West, with status being of high value. It is also viewed through a capitalist lense however the Stasi Aunt says 'That Reagan is a danger to mankind' which supports the East and is critical of the capitalist regimes of the West.
Deutschland '83 has a real lack of strong female characters and reinforces traditional gender dynamics - however this could be a reflection of the only just changing times of the 80s or just a production fault.
The coffee [prop] given to Martin's mother in the BBQ scene shows the disconnection between the two sides and the West have a much better lifestyle. However, the fetishisation of the East is extremely prevalent in this clip.
Scene 2: Supermarket Scene
Technical/Audio codes:
First image of the west is the close up of the chandelier which connotes opulence and wealth, as well as the use of close ups throughout this scene showing the differences between East/West and the change from Martin -> Moritz and how he goes from Bland to bright
The Costume is also vital in this scene, as the 'new' clothes he is given are bright and branded and a clear display of western privileges but the high angle shots put him in a vulnerable situation and remind the audience that he is out of place here.
The 80s storefronts and colour scheme act as time markers for the show. The setting is also ambiguous however it is obviously upper class compared to Martin's own home.
Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This) - Eurythmics is an Iconic 80s song as well as having lyrics that apply perfectly to this particular scene
Disassociative but era appropriate score that reinforces Martin being out of place,
''Stop thinking about yourself'' has an undercurrent of Pro-East but blurs the lines between political alignment.
Representation
Stereotypes of the Eastern European villains
East v. West is extremely prominent in this scene with the fresh fruit being a key shot and the absence of fresh fruit in East Germany making this much more impactful.
Language changes as music played is in English whereas earlier the music was German showing the americanisation of the West.
Post modern perspective through the hyperrealistic aesthetics of the shelving and homage to the popart of the 60s.
Audience Pleasures
80s Nostalgia - Through the music & costume which fits into the 80s aesthetics and key retro ambience of the show.
Visceral pleasures during the chase scene as well as personal relationship since we want Martin to succeed
Surveillance - '1961'
Scene 3: Training Montage
Technical/Audio Codes
360 degree angles and an abundance of shots through other things which gives the scene the conventional spy atmosphere
Montage - fast paced edits with a low angle at the end to reiterate to the audience the power imbalance and how Martin is in danger.
Close up shots emphasise the identity change and also display classic spy genre conventions to the audience
Split Screens emphasise the split between East and West and the use of a wipe gives this section a heavily entertainment feel which juxtaposes the serious and high tension atmosphere of the montage.
Thumping 80s music - classic for the montage and has a strong intensity that matches the genre well
Diagetic Narration - conventional and paces the scene well
'Ping' sound - post modernism as well as gives the section a gameshow feel
Audience Pleasures
Nostalgia for German audiences through the brands and packaging
American 'coming of age' movie cliches which would appeal to a global audience
visceral pleasure through the tension created/recognising the intertextual references
Intertextuality
The gadgets have a reference to James Bond and the classic spy tropes
The 'Plastik' font matches the 'Lego' font
Rocky training montage
The Generation Game/Gameshow section
Pure 80s makeover feel with a post modern undercurrent.
Scene 4: Briefcase theft scene
Technical Codes/Audio codes
Clear motif of 'being watched' trope which builds suspense as well as the slow editing which allows the tension to reach a climax during the lock picking scene
close up of lock picking as well as the drawer with the keys
Files - Reagan's signature, map and confidential stamp which communicates the risk that Martin is taking with tje diagetic exaggeration of his breathing and conventional sounds of the camera paired with the suspense filled score allows the audiences to feel the stress and be 'on the edge of their seat' so to speak.
Audience Pleasures
Diversion due to the tension especially when the keys get stuck
Personal Relationships - the audience is worried for Martin and don't want him to fail.
Surveillance - the documents
Classic spy scene whilst still having coming of age elements which appeals to fans of both
What positive aspects of Deutschland 83 are highlighted in the reviews?
Its wry humour, the production of the supermarket scene as well as it's ability to present the 80s and the events of the war as well as the ambiguity of reality/fiction in a post modern perspective
What criticisms are made of the show?
the commodified aspect of nostalgia that caters more towards the contemporary western viewers, it's stereotypical and biased commentary regarding the western side of the wall.
Why did the Telegraph suggest that Deutschland 83 did the 'period' aspect of 'period drama' so well?
By highlighting the minuscule vocabulary differences between both sides of the wall to amplify the authenticity as well as blurring the genre lines and including documentary aspects such as excerpts from Reagan's speech and capturing the reality - albeit an obscured perception of it- of the 80s
Find three 'below the line' comments from either of the Guardian articles. What did the audience think of Deutschland 83? Do you agree with the comments?
''Deutschland 83 was great, and I also hoped it was a sign of things to come on German TV.'' - This positive aspect is something I agree with, it's complex narrative and underlying political commentary is somewhat of a scarcity in contemporary dramas and those that do exist are arguably a mixed bag of what's done well and what's not. However, his disappointment at discovering this was an American writer is also completely valid and the perspectives portrayed even just in the pilot episode become much more problematic when u see the fetishisation of the eastern working class and demonisation of west germany through the eyes of a third party.
''They used "Two Tribes" by Frankie Goes To Hollywood in the publicity, that was 1984'' - This also was apparent to me and was something that annoyed me alas not an important and deal breaker for the entire series. I do believe that with a little more research. there is definitely a song from 1983 would have the same effect and be more historically apt!
''A good soundtrack supporting a poor script.''- I disagree wholeheartedly with this comment, I believe that the script - particularly the accuracy of the german and the use of vocabulary when highlighting differences. I find that the script and the other audio codes work in a great synergy in order to carry the narrative and that this criticism is rather unjust.
INTERVIEWERS & BTS VIDEO FEATURES
What does Jonas Nay say about growing up in a united Germany?
He had freedom and mobility and the divide that was prevalent not even 20 years beforehand wasn't as visible.
The Channel 4 News interview is conducted in German with English subtitles. How does this reflect Channel 4's remit as a public service broadcaster and their target audience?
Channel 4 appeals to an international audience and provides educational but revolutionary content for a younger - usually highly educated- audience, who would enjoy niche content and find foreign representation as a sign of high culture.
Interviewer Matt Frei asks about the current political situation in Germany. Why might this interest the Channel 4 News audience?
This may interest the channel 4 news audience since they usually have a political commentary during their broadcasts and due to the european political climate, opinions regarding the governance etc would be interesting for the older or even just more socially conscious audiences.
BEHIND THE SCENES CLIPS
MAKING OF: WHY YOU SHOULD WATCH DEUTSCHLAND '83
Why should audiences watch Deutschland 83 - what does the clip offer viewers?
Audiences should watch Deutshland 83 for the nostalgic aspect as well as the performances of the actors - this clip offers an insight into what it took to make the show and the intrinsics of it all. It offers an abundance of enigma codes and hints at the contents of the show itself.
Why is history an important aspect of the appeal of the show?
The Cold War and in particular the East/West conflicts have seldom been talked about or represented in the mainstream media and this series offers not only that reputation but a reputation that is rare and a perspective that is not easily came by in modern media.
What technical aspects are highlighted in the video?
The cinematography, the performances, the costume and production design and the historical content
MAKING OF: SET DESIGN
Why were the set design, costume and props so important for Deutschland 83?
Since it is a costume drama, it is important that all the props, costumes and set are historically accurate as well as appropriate for the setting and context of the show. Making sure motifs and plot progressing props are in place or visible as well as meticulous details to highlight historical differences etc. are important in Deutschland 83 as it not only had to be historically accurate but also appeal to the sense of 80s nostalgia globally.
How historically accurate was the setting, costume and props?
Deutschland 83 was rather historically accurate however some details make the time period more ambiguous from the changing settings from east and west and small props such as pens etc. being less meticulously valued.
Why were the props, costumes and music such a key audience pleasure for Deutschland 83?
They offered a sense of nostalgia and personal pleasures for an older audience as well as diversion for a contemporary audience, with the 80s aesthetic being highly profitable in recent years. The gadgets etc. offered diversion and an act of escapism for viewers who found the 'future' in the past concept enlightening.
The opening of the trailer uses sound and editing to draw the audience in. Explain why this is effective.
The use of a split screen at the beginning highlights the cultural capital available from watching this series and amplifies the complexity of this tv show and its genre. The enigmatic soundtrack and explicit depiction of the differences quickly displays the tv show and allows audiences to come to conclusions about the audience pleasures and the conventions of this show rather quickly.
What audience pleasures are suggested by the trailer? Think about Uses & Gratifications theory
Diversion, visceral pleasures and intertextual recognition.
How does the trailer use action and enigma codes (Barthes) to encourage the audience to watch the show?
The Split screen in the beginning which highlights the differences between Martin and Moritz but leaves the actual narrative in the dark and allows the audience to question the specifics. The scene where Martin runs is an action code and hints towards the conflict and overall his acceptance of the west.
Pick three shots/scenes from the trailer that capture the spy thriller sub-genre. Why might this appeal to an audience?
Split Screen [0.11] - the over the wall/under cover copy hints at a change and appeals to an audience as it already places Martin in a place of vulnerability before we even know who Martin is.
The Briefcase [0.22] - This is a classic enigma case and the conventional scene where the spy blurs the line of ethics and law for personal gain, since we are not shown the inside of the briefcase or the build up this will intrigue audiences and appeal to traditional spy-thriller fans with the promise of a classic scene.
The Explosion [0:53] - This is a clear action scene and promotes a conventional climax and high tension scene of clear visceral pleasure for audiences which appeals to people who enjoy the high tension/high violence aspects of traditional spy thrillers.
Pick three examples of mise-en-scene from the trailer that capture the 1983 setting the confirm the sub-genre of period drama. Why might this appeal to an audience?
Supermarket Shot [0.17] - The Popart aspect, branded clothing and bright colours captures the essence of the 80s and it's vintage but not quite aesthetic that would appeal to a contemporary audience since modern audiences find the 80s aesthetic rather desirable (see Stranger Things)
Blue lighting [0.20] - This blue lighting and the overall neon aspect appeals to the retro feeling of the 80s and the rise in sci-fi movies, this aspect suggests that the cinematography will cater more towards the conventions of the 80s [think Back to the future etc.] and that arcade-feel rather than the minimalism of contemporary set movies.
Reagan on the TV [0.30] - The sound of this archive footage not only captures the 1983 setting but also cements Deutschland 83's place as a period drama and it's place in history, it offers an alternative audience pleasure to nostalgia and diversion which is surveillance for younger audiences.
Frankie Goes To Hollywood is an iconic band of the 80s [however this song is from 1984] and it appeals to the older audience who would recognise this song however its iconic 80s sound and bassline as well as the lyrics over the shot of Martin listening to a song on his walkman perfectly captures the stereotypical caricature of the 80s that many people picture.
The only words heard in the trailer are in English. Why do you think the UK trailer avoided subtitles or German dialogue?
It would have inhibited the ease of enjoyment as the trailer would have had to been slowed down slightly so people could read as well as losing potential audience members due to a heavy foreign focus rather than appealing to the western aesthetics an audience desires which sadly are more enticed by action over dialogue.
Production and Industry Context
What kind of company is UFA Fiction and what shows have they produced?
German production company ; Deutschland 83, Generation War, and Ku'damn 56 to name but a few.
What kind of company is Freemantle media and what do they produce?
Distribution company - usually prime time uk tv shows such as the x factor or dramas such as Neighbours and Deutschland 83
How does Deutschland '83 reflect the international nature of television production?
Deutschland 83 captures the profitability of foreign media globally, by using americanisation and postmodern ideologies as well as its different production and distribution companies capturing the complexities of global tv production.
WALTER PRESENTS
How does Channel 4 introduce 'Walter'?
It is an enigmatic introduction, they introduce him as a 'man who's dedicated his life to seeking out the most compelling dramas' as well as suggesting he is a trusted critic with 'impeccable taste'
What audience are Channel 4 trying to appeal to with the 'Walter Presents' series?
'cinephiles' or an educated audience with niche or particular tastes rather than a mainstream consumer
How does the 'Walter Presents' series reflect the changing nature of television in the digital age?
It suggests that most consumers are watching tv dramas and series' through streaming and binging them on websites rather than tuning in to appointment viewings meaning that availability in bulk is vital when appealing to the busier, more impatient viewers that have become accustomed to the on demand viewings of the digital age.
MARKETING & PROMOTION
List the Key Statistics, why is it considered the most successful foreign language drama?
2.5 million viewers for the first episode
Launched with 1.49 million viewers.
It surpassed key british dramas as well as receiving almost entirely rave reviews from news outlets.
How does the news release describe the drama?
'subtitled sensation', 'subtitled obsession' , 'powered by an irresistable 1983 vintage soundtrack'
How did she use the historical context and real-life events to create a successful drama?
She used the extraordinary idea of a split Germany and the events of the 1980s to fuel a narrative that had both the period detail required as well as the coming of age genre that sparked in the 80s to create a drama that appealed to the masses.
Why might the soundtrack attract an audience?
The soundtrack is full of 80s hits and captures the iconic pop culture of the 80s in a way thats incredibly apt for the drama. The 80s music scene is still a widely appreciated aspect in western society and would attract an audience as it suggests that this show will present a perspective of that iconic western 80s culture despite its foreign setting.
INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
How does the UK DVD cover communicate the sub-genre of the drama?
The UK DVD cover communicates the spy sub genre through the background, the wall especially with the copy 'over the wall/under cover' and Martin/Mortiz as the centric image with a walkman which also alludes to the coming of age aspect of this drama also.
Analyse the mise-en-scene in the UK DVD cover. What does it communicate to the audience?
The mise-en-scene in the dvd cover particularly the props used - the technology used communicates the time period as well as the nostalgic aspect and potential cultural capital hinted throughout the costume and setting of the central image.
How does the American branding use font, colour and graphics to appeal to an audience? The bright colours and popart-esque aesthetic to this poster is eyecatching and appeals to the commodification of 80s culture in a western us audience seen through popular series and cult films in America. The font, that shares a likeness to Pop Art as well as the art in the back that has the comic book essence likeness that reminds me of Roy Lichtensteins work. These are all cult aspects to American Culture and would appeal to an audience, undoubtedly. Why might the distributors Freemantle Media International have used different marketing campaigns in different countries?
Not all countries share the same past or the same present values. The UK has a more surveillance based aspect and a stereotypical high cultured reputation when it comes to international media whereas America has the Hollywood appeal and entertainment reputation, it's campaigns need to be eyecatching and enticing due to the high density of advertisements on tv also. Distributors can adapt their campaigns to communicate various aspects of the narrative to the areas that will be more persuaded by them such as the spy aspect in the UK and the historical value within Germany.
What does Marxism suggest regarding power in society?
Power was held by an elitist minority, who had access to money and could use it, along with their power, to generate more wealth and influence the ideologies of the lower classes.
Why is The Apprentice a good example of the media reinforcing capitalist values and ideologies?
Lord Sugar reinforces the idea of the 'elite' with the contestants relying on him for their survival and are challenged to complete tasks in order to secure capital.
Three examples of media texts that either fetishise or demonise the working class
Eastenders (BBC)
The Sun Newspaper
Friends without Benefits (Channel 4)
Marxist reading of Capital [2015]
Capital [2015], doesn't have aspects of all bullet points considered during a Marxist reading however, it undeniably does contain some Marxist undertones, specifically through the depiction of Bankers, and the 'ruling elite' within the pilot episode. They can be seen multiple times as greedy, oblivious or simply out of touch with the social climate that they exist within. The Younts in particular, have a stark contrast to the character of Quentina, a police officer - who arguably has more of a social impact than bankers - who is on a wage of £300 a week, including overtime. Comparing this to the £30,000 that is 'no use' to the Younts expensive and normalised life style, this shows the subdominant position of the working class as normalised, the elite are not the other in this equation. Another scene which is rather significant in the perpetuation of the marxist ideologies, is the acceptance of the elites (the Younts) behaviours by the masses (the builder), within the scene where Arabella is telling Bogdan about how she wants to renovate her home as she believes that wet rooms are 'out of fashion' and although anyone can see the entitlement laced into her words, he simply says that it is her home and she should feel comfortable and happy with it. This is an explicit depiction of the dynamics suggested by Marxists theories. Another way, is through the animations of the London Housing prices, although this is detrimental to the surrounding citizens and sparks the hateful postcards, this doesn't have a lasting impact on the residents until much later in the series - the Younts in particular, although uncomfortable with the postcards continue living their elitist lifestyle and making little to no actual significant changes.
Why does this review suggest that Capital promotes Left wing ideas?
This review suggests that the presentation of immigrants, the black female lawyer and demonisation of bankers promotes a left wing ideology to it's viewers.
Do you agree with these criticisms? Why?
'That's not a who-dunnit, it's a cop out' - I think that the criticisms concerning the postcard subplot is not unjust, it was a prevalent aspect of the pilot however seemingly lost it's spark as the series progressed, although a promising concept, it did fall short.
'Dribbled to a damp ending' - Although, there is a fair point within this however the ending seemed like a fitting climax to the show, in my opinion, the personal relationships formed between audience and characters is dealt with in a satisfactory way, where all get to say 'goodbye'
'Everything British came in for a dose of loathing' - this criticism is unfair in my opinion, London is depicted in an honest way, with diversity celebrated and the struggles and hardships presented in a way that hoped to evoke sympathy rather than detachment.
What scenes or characters from Capital could be seen as depicting left wing ideologies?
The scene where Roger says 'what use is 30 grand?' as well as the well integrated depiction of the Kamals and Quentina into society.
Are there any aspects of Capital that reinforce the status quo in capitalist London?
The scene just after Roger, Roger's boss and Mark springs to mind as Roger says that his team work hard all year and not just during bonus season. This reinforces the idea that people work hard for their money.
The Beeb, The Mail and JKR
Why did the Daily Mail suggest that The Casual Vacancy promoted left wing ideology?
They 'ridiculed the wealthier residents' and shamed them for wanting to sell the rehab centre and foodbank despite conservative politics deeming these cuts that happen being beneficial in the long run.
How does this article suggest characters, narrative and setting are used to promote a left wing ideology?
Wealthier residents are ridiculed and shamed for their choices, whereas the working class and those on benefits are put in a sympathetic light which promotes left wing ideas.
What research is quoted regarding BBC bias? What did you find? Do you think the BBC is biased?
A Mail Online article titled 'Is the bbc too close with jk rowling?'
Apparently, the BBC shows a labour allegiance and a condemnation of right wing politics amongst it's fictional dramas however I don't agree with the idea that the BBC is biased, due to their political involvement and provision of third party materials and impartial information through shows like Question Time etc.
How could you apply Gramsci's theory of hegemony to the UK media?
Gramsci's theory of hegemony suggests that we are consensual and conscious in our interaction with the media and it's creation of what we view as 'common sense' and a societal norm. This can be seen through traditional UK media, such as the Daily Mail, perpetuate very specific political messages and commentary on social issues such as Immigration however, we hold the power as consumers whether to read the Daily Mail or not, first of all and secondly, to absorb their comments as a hegemonic perspective or take a more liberalised point of view, suggested through a much higher abundance of mainstream media.
